Predation
Predation
by wild animals is certainly a distressing and economic problem
for livestock producers. Pastures
that have rolling topography and contain creek beds or brush, provide
ideal cover for coyotes to get close to their prey. Nearby forests
and heavily wooded areas allow safe refuge for other types of retreating
predators. Predators include - but are not limited to - birds of
prey, large cats, bear, coyotes, wolves, and racoons.
Exclusion
If properly constructed and maintained, net-wire and/or electric
fences can help to reduce predation. Some producers pen their livestock
in a more secure area at night. These areas should be located close
to a residence or farm building and may be illuminated for extra
protection.
Habitat
Modification
Pasture rotation can be designed to avoid using areas that have
a history of predation. Predators can be attracted to the area if
deadstock and garbage are not properly disposed. Herding livestock
can reduce predation, because of greater human presence. Sometimes
changing the lambing, kidding, or calving seasons to the fall or
having them inside of sheds can help. Removing carrion is essential
to limiting coyote populations on your property.
Scare
Tactics
Guard dogs are an effective method to reduce predation on livestock
especially for the sheep industry. Guard llamas and donkeys (only
a jenny or gelded jack) also appear to reduce losses but appear
less effective than guard dogs. Guard dogs can be used in farm flock/pasture
operations, on open range, and in feedlots. Llamas and donkeys are
most effective in fenced pastures less than 300 acres. Noise and
visual repellents, such as strobe lights, sirens, and propane exploders,
can help temporarily.
Toxicants
and Fumigants
There are some toxicants that may be effective depending upon the
predator of interest. Check with your local Fish, Wildlife, and
Game Service or the USDA-APHIS Wildlife Service for current registration
information.
Trapping
and Shooting
Leghold traps (no. 3 and 4) are the most effective and versatile,
but snares may also be effective in some situations. Shooting may
also be effective. Be sure to check with state wildlife officials
for permit and regulation information.
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